![]() ![]() Some gaming systems such as the remote controls for the Nintendo Wii use IMUs to measure motion. IMUs also have the ability to determine developmental levels of individuals when in motion by identifying specificity and sensitivity of specific parameters associated with running. Fitness trackers and other wearables may also include IMUs to measure motion, such as running. Almost all smartphones and tablets contain IMUs as orientation sensors. In land vehicles, an IMU can be integrated into GPS based automotive navigation systems or vehicle tracking systems, giving the system a dead reckoning capability and the ability to gather as much accurate data as possible about the vehicle's current speed, turn rate, heading, inclination and acceleration, in combination with the vehicle's wheel speed sensor output and, if available, reverse gear signal, for purposes such as better traffic collision analysis.īesides navigational purposes, IMUs serve as orientation sensors in many consumer products. ![]() ![]() The data collected from the IMU's sensors allows a computer to track craft's position, using a method known as dead reckoning. Simpler versions of INSs termed Attitude and Heading Reference Systems utilize IMUs to calculate vehicle attitude with heading relative to magnetic north. IMUs are also essential components in the guidance and control of uncrewed systems such as UAVs, UGVs, and UUVs. The IMU equipped INS forms the backbone for the navigation and control of many commercial and military vehicles such as crewed aircraft, missiles, ships, submarines, and satellites. IMUs are often incorporated into Inertial Navigation Systems which utilize the raw IMU measurements to calculate attitude, angular rates, linear velocity and position relative to a global reference frame. Typical configurations contain one accelerometer, gyro, and magnetometer per axis for each of the three principal axes: pitch, roll and yaw. Some also include a magnetometer which is commonly used as a heading reference. IMUs work, in part, by detecting changes in pitch, roll, and yaw.Īn inertial measurement unit works by detecting linear acceleration using one or more accelerometers and rotational rate using one or more gyroscopes. An IMU allows a GPS receiver to work when GPS-signals are unavailable, such as in tunnels, inside buildings, or when electronic interference is present. Recent developments allow for the production of IMU-enabled GPS devices. IMUs are typically used to maneuver modern vehicles including motorcycles, missiles, aircraft (an attitude and heading reference system), including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), among many others, and spacecraft, including satellites and landers. When the magnetometer is included, IMUs are referred to as IMMUs. Apollo IMU, where Inertial Reference Integrating Gyros (IRIGs,Xg,Yg,Zg) sense attitude changes, and Pulse Integrating Pendulous Accelerometers (PIPAs,Xa,Ya,Za) sense velocity changesĪn inertial measurement unit ( IMU) is an electronic device that measures and reports a body's specific force, angular rate, and sometimes the orientation of the body, using a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. ![]()
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